ABSTRACTDesign Thinking is a user-centred framework that captures unmet needs of users and generates ideas for sustainable solutions.Quality Function Deployment is a tool that translates the voice of customers into engineering attributes required for product and process design.Both concepts are globally adopted in various fields here including but
For a more accurate understanding of religious tourism, it is useful to distinguish between faith-based tourism, spiritual tourism and tourism in religious spaces.The former is characterized by religious faith (and processes of hierophany), the next by spirituality and transcendence experience, while the latter remains in the secular realm of here
The building construction industry faces challenges, such as increasing project complexity and scope requirements, but shorter deadlines.Additionally, economic uncertainty and rising business competition with a subsequent decrease in profit margins for the industry demands the development of new approaches to construction management.However, the bu
The revenue is the most important tool of Islamic fiscal policy, which determined the expenditure.At the Time of here Holy Prophet, there were two types of revenue i.e.revenue collected from Muslims e.g.Voluntary Contribution, Zakah and Revenue collected from nonmuslims, e.g.Jazia Ghanima or Booty and Fay etc.But voluntary contribution was the main
The Gaussian noise distribution is typically used in dynamic state estimation (DSE) but it is teal horse blanket not always true in practice because of abnormal system inputs, impulsive noise and measurement outliers.In this paper, a new robust DSE approach based on a new robust Lp norm based estimator and the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is develo